Age and Sex (Major Determinants)

Male, age 40–64+0Female OR age ≥ 65 (either factor — 1 risk unit)+1Female AND age ≥ 65 (2 risk units)+2

Prior Fragility Fracture (Adult, Any Site)

No prior fragility fracture+0Prior fragility fracture (+1 risk unit)+1

Parental History of Hip Fracture

No parental hip fracture history+0Mother or father had hip fracture (+1 risk unit)+1

Current Smoking

Non-smoker+0Current smoker (+1 risk unit)+1

Glucocorticoid Use (≥ 3 months, ≥ 5 mg/day Prednisolone Equiv.)

No prolonged glucocorticoid use+0Current or prior prolonged glucocorticoid use (+1 risk unit)+1

Rheumatoid Arthritis (Confirmed)

No RA+0Confirmed rheumatoid arthritis (+1 risk unit)+1

Secondary Osteoporosis

None+0Secondary osteoporosis cause present (+1 risk unit)+1

Alcohol Use ≥ 3 Units/Day

Alcohol < 3 units/day+0Alcohol ≥ 3 units/day (+1 risk unit)+1

Low BMI (< 19 kg/m²)

BMI ≥ 19 kg/m²+0BMI < 19 kg/m² (underweight) (+1 risk unit)+1

FRAX Fracture Risk Assessment (Clinical Variables, No BMD)