Prior ICU Admission for COPD

No prior ICU admission for COPD+0Prior ICU admission for COPD (+2 pts)+2

Currently Using Home O₂

No home O₂+0Home O₂ user (+2 pts)+2

Initial Heart Rate After ED Treatment > 100 bpm

HR ≤ 100 bpm after initial treatment+0HR > 100 bpm after treatment (+1 pt)+1

SpO₂ After Initial ED Treatment

SpO₂ ≥ 90% after initial treatment+0SpO₂ < 90% after initial treatment (+1 pt)+1

BNP ≥ 100 pg/mL (or NT-proBNP ≥ 300 pg/mL)

BNP < 100 pg/mL or not measured+0BNP ≥ 100 pg/mL (+1 pt)+1

Eosinopenia (Eosinophils < 0.05 × 10⁹/L or < 1%)

Eosinophils ≥ 0.05 × 10⁹/L or not measured+0Eosinopenia (eosinophils < 0.05 × 10⁹/L) (+1 pt)+1

ED Visit for COPD in Past Year

No prior ED visit for COPD in 12 months+0≥ 1 ED visit for COPD in past 12 months (+1 pt)+1

History of Prior Intubation for COPD

No prior intubation for COPD+0Prior intubation for COPD (+2 pts)+2

Ottawa COPD Risk Scale