›Risk stratification tools for syncope
›Canadian Syncope Risk Score
›When to use
›ED syncope evaluation after initial assessment
›Non trauma transient loss of consciousness
›When not to use
›Persistent altered mental status
›Seizure as primary diagnosis
›San Francisco Syncope Rule
›When to use
›ED syncope risk screening
›Short term serious outcome concern
›When not to use
›Presyncope only with alternative clear diagnosis
›Unreliable history or no follow up plan
›MRI brain indications
›Persistent focal neurologic deficits
›Concern for posterior circulation pathology with ongoing symptoms
›MRI cautions and pitfalls
›Not routine for isolated syncope
›Incidental findings risk
›CT head indications
›Head trauma with anticoagulant use
›New focal neurologic deficit
›Persistent altered mental status
›CT chest and aorta indications
›PE pathway
›CTPA when indicated by risk tool and testing
›Contrast nephropathy risk consideration
›Aortic dissection concern
›CTA aorta
›Blood pressure control while awaiting imaging
›POCUS applications
›Cardiac POCUS
›Pericardial effusion
›Gross ventricular function
›IVC assessment
›Volume status adjunct
›Respiratory variation interpretation limits
›Ultrasound pitfalls
›Operator dependent accuracy
›Does not exclude PE