Approach to the Critical Patient

Triage and stabilization

Initial priorities

Key concepts

Syndrome recognition

Red flags and escalation

Alternate diagnosis triggers

History

Pattern recognition

Classic history cluster

Targeted details

Episode characterization

Risk factors and co-exposures

Complicating factors

Physical Exam

General and vital signs

High-yield exam domains

Abdominal exam

Abdominal findings

Skin and complications

Hot water exposure complications

PITFALLS

Common misses

Differential Diagnosis

Life-threatening causes of vomiting

High-risk differentials

Mimics and related syndromes

Diagnostic label coding

Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome

Laboratory Tests

Core ED evaluation

Initial lab bundle

Targeted labs by presentation

Symptom directed testing

Interpretation pearls

Common patterns

Diagnostic Tests

Scoring Systems

Rome IV criteria framework

MRI

MRI indications

CT

CT use cases

Ultrasound (or US)

Ultrasound pathways

Disposition

Level of care decisions

Admission criteria

Discharge readiness

Safe discharge targets

Follow-up planning

Outpatient linkage

Treatment

Fluids and electrolyte correction

Resuscitation and repletion

Antiemetic and adjunct strategy

Symptom control approach

Avoidances and supportive care

Harm reduction in ED

Special Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy considerations

Geriatric

Older adult considerations

Pediatrics

Pediatric considerations

Background

Epidemiology

Population patterns

Pathophysiology

Mechanistic hypotheses

Therapeutic Considerations

Treatment rationale

Patient Discharge Instructions

copy discharge instructions

Discharge counseling packet

References

Evidence-based sources

Key references

SymptomDx is an educational tool for medical professionals. It does not replace clinical judgment. Verify all clinical data and drug dosages with authoritative sources.