Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2025
Shears E, Armitstead CP.
Surgical Versus Conservative Management for Odontoid Fractures
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008
Avila MJ, Farber SH, Rabah NM, et al.
Nonoperative Versus Operative Management of Type II Odontoid Fracture in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Journal of Neurosurgery Spine. 2024
PMID 37877937
Lozano CS, Karthikeyan V, Shakil H, et al.
The Economics of Surgical Decision-Making in Geriatric Type II Odontoid Fractures: Reframing the Role of Frailty
Neurosurgery. 2025
PMID 41222241
Landmark classifications and decision tools
Anderson and D'Alonzo classification
Original description of Type I, II, III odontoid fractures
Foundation of all current management algorithms
Roy-Camille subtypes for Type II fractures
Fracture line obliquity guides surgical approach selection
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Decision tools for imaging indication in ED
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American College of Surgeons Best Practices Guidelines Spine Injury 2022
Schroeder GD, Vaccaro AR, Welch WC, et al.
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