Community-acquired pneumoniaMANAGEMENT

RESPIRATORY PRESENTATIONS · 12 SECTIONS

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657 items

☷ Legend

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Cardiovascular Presentations66▾

Respiratory Presentations47▾

Acute bronchitis Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)Acute respiratory failure Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE-BRUE)Aspiration pneumonia Asthma exacerbation Bacterial Tracheitis Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis (RSV)Chylothorax Community-acquired pneumonia COPD exacerbation COVID-19 pneumonia Croup Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)Cystic Fibrosis Exacerbation Empyema Epiglottitis Epiglottitis (Pediatric)Fat Embolism Syndrome Foreign Body Aspiration Foreign Body Aspiration (Pediatric)Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia Hemothorax Hospital-acquired pneumonia Legionnaires' Disease Lung Abscess Pertussis Pleural effusion Pleurisy Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Pneumocystis Pneumonia Pneumomediastinum Pneumothorax (Simple)Pneumothorax (traumatic)Psittacosis Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Pulmonary contusion Pulmonary Edema (Non-cardiogenic)Sarcoidosis Exacerbation Smoke Inhalation Injury Spontaneous pneumothorax Status Asthmaticus Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)Tension Pneumothorax Tracheal Stenosis Viral Pneumonia

Neurological Presentations77▾

Gastrointestinal Presentations63▾

Genitourinary and Reproductive Presentations44▾

Infectious Disease Presentations146▾

Trauma Presentations88▾

Toxicologic Presentations67▾

Psychiatric Presentations25▾

Musculoskeletal and Rheumatologic Presentations89▾

Dermatology Presentations21▾

Environmental and Exposure Presentations26▾

Hematologic and Oncologic Presentations30▾

Pediatric-Specific Presentations13▾

Endocrine and Metabolic Presentations42▾

ENT and Maxillofacial Presentations21▾

Ophthalmologic Presentations15▾

Obstetric Presentations17▾

Systemic and Miscellaneous Presentations15▾

01Approach to the Critical Patient/attcp65

Immediate stabilization

›Early stabilization priorities

›Airway protection triggers

›GCS < 13

›Refractory hypoxemia despite oxygen escalation

›Persistent vomiting with aspiration risk

›Breathing targets

›SpO2 92-96%

›SpO2 88-92% for chronic hypercapnia risk

›Escalate to HFNC for persistent tachypnea or high oxygen requirement

›Escalate to NIV for COPD exacerbation with hypercapnic respiratory failure

›Escalate to intubation for fatigue or rising PaCO2 with acidosis

›Circulation triggers

›SBP < 90 mmHg

›MAP < 65 mmHg

›Lactate >= 2 mmol/L with clinical hypoperfusion

›Altered mental status with infection concern

›Sepsis bundle alignment

›If septic shock suspected, antibiotics within 1 hour

›If sepsis without shock, antibiotics within 3 hours

›Crystalloid 30 mL/kg for hypotension or lactate >= 4 mmol/L

›Norepinephrine first-line vasopressor for MAP >= 65 mmHg

Initial triage and risk

›Early severity stratification

›ICU triggers

›Need for invasive mechanical ventilation

›Septic shock with vasopressor requirement

›High-risk features

›RR >= 30 per minute

›SpO2 < 90% on room air

›Multilobar infiltrates

›Confusion

›Hypotension

›Early disposition planning

›Low risk plus reliable follow-up

›Moderate risk requiring inpatient monitoring

›High risk requiring ICU level care

Time-critical diagnostics

›Early confirmatory testing

›Chest radiograph for suspected pneumonia

›New infiltrate supports diagnosis when consistent with symptoms

›Normal radiograph does not fully exclude early pneumonia

›Point-of-care ultrasound as adjunct

›Focal B-lines with subpleural consolidation support pneumonia

›Pleural effusion detection for drainage planning

›If severe CAP, early blood cultures before antibiotics

›Do not delay antibiotics for culture collection

Early antimicrobials decision points

›Empiric therapy selection framework

›Outpatient vs inpatient vs ICU

›CURB-65 or PSI support but do not replace clinical judgment

›Social reliability and oral intake tolerance

›MRSA or Pseudomonas risk assessment

›Prior isolation from respiratory tract

›Recent hospitalization with IV antibiotics within 90 days

›Structural lung disease for Pseudomonas risk

›Aspiration considerations

›Routine anaerobic coverage not indicated without abscess or empyema

Monitoring and reassessment

›Reassessment cadence

›Clinical trajectory in first 6-12 hours

›Oxygen requirement trend

›Work of breathing trend

›Hemodynamic stability trend

›Treatment failure signals

›Persistent fever beyond 72 hours

›Rising oxygen requirement

›Worsening infiltrates or new effusion

›Persistent bacteremia

›New organ dysfunction

02History/hx68

Core symptom pattern

›Presenting syndrome

›Cough

›Purulent sputum

›Hemoptysis

›Fever or rigors

›Measured temperature history

›Antipyretic masking

›Dyspnea

›Exertional limitation baseline vs current

›Orthopnea as alternative diagnosis clue

›Pleuritic chest pain

›Unilateral sharp pain with inspiration

›Systemic symptoms

›Myalgias

›Fatigue

›Anorexia

Timeline and exposures

›Context and risk

›Symptom onset timing

›Rapid onset hours to days

›Subacute weeks suggesting atypical pathogens or noninfectious mimics

›Recent viral illness

›Influenza-like prodrome

›COVID-like symptoms cluster

›Sick contacts

›Household outbreaks

›Institutional exposure

›Travel

›Coccidioidomycosis region exposure

›Legionella outbreak settings

›Water exposure

›Hot tub

›Recent plumbing disruption

›Aspiration risk

›Dysphagia

›Altered consciousness episode

›Seizure

›Intoxication

Comorbidities and modifiers

›Host factors

›Chronic lung disease

›COPD

›Asthma

›Bronchiectasis

›Cardiac disease

›Heart failure

›Coronary disease

›Immunocompromise

›Chronic steroids

›Transplant

›Active malignancy therapy

›Diabetes mellitus

›Chronic kidney disease

›Chronic liver disease

›Smoking or vaping exposure

Medication and allergy context

›Antibiotic context

›Antibiotic use within 90 days

›Resistance selection risk

›Drug allergy details

›Reaction type and severity

›Timing and reproducibility

›QT-prolonging medications

›Macrolide and fluoroquinolone risk context

Red flags and alternate diagnoses

›High-risk symptoms

›Syncope

›Severe chest pain radiating

›Leg swelling or pleuritic pain disproportionate

›Severe headache or neck stiffness

›Rash with systemic illness

›Weight loss and night sweats

03Physical Exam/exam54

Vital signs and general appearance

›Physiologic severity markers

›Temperature

›Hypothermia as severe infection marker

›Heart rate

›Tachycardia persistence after fluids and antipyretics

›Respiratory rate

›RR >= 30 per minute as high risk

›Blood pressure

›SBP < 90 mmHg

›MAP < 65 mmHg

›SpO2 and oxygen requirement

›Escalating FiO2 requirement

›Desaturation with minimal exertion

›Mental status

›New confusion

›Somnolence

Pulmonary exam

›Respiratory findings

›Work of breathing

›Accessory muscle use

›Inability to speak full sentences

›Auscultation

›Crackles

›Bronchial breath sounds

›Wheeze suggesting reactive airway component

›Percussion and tactile fremitus

›Dullness suggesting effusion or consolidation

›Pleural findings

›Pleural rub

›Decreased breath sounds with effusion

Cardiovascular and volume status

›Shock and perfusion

›Capillary refill delay

›Cool extremities

›JVP and edema

›Heart failure alternative diagnosis

›New murmur

›Endocarditis consideration with septic emboli

Focused exam for complications and mimics

›Extrapulmonary clues

›Calf tenderness or unilateral swelling

›PE consideration

›Skin and soft tissue

›Purpura

›Cellulitis source

›Neuro exam

›Meningismus

›Focal deficits

›Abdomen

›RUQ pain with referred pneumonia pattern

PITFALLS

›Common misses

›Normal lung exam early in CAP

›Reliance on radiograph and overall syndrome

›Wheeze leading to missed pneumonia

›COPD exacerbation overlap

›Elderly afebrile presentations

›Confusion or falls as primary presentation

04Differential Diagnosis/ddx44

Life-threatening mimics

›Immediate threat differentials

›Pulmonary embolism

›ICD-10 I26.99

›Pleuritic pain with minimal cough

›Acute heart failure with pulmonary edema

›ICD-10 I50.9

›Orthopnea and diffuse B-lines

›Acute coronary syndrome

›ICD-10 I21.9

›Dyspnea equivalent and risk factors

›Asthma or COPD exacerbation

›ICD-10 J45.901

›ICD-10 J44.1

›Pneumothorax

›ICD-10 J93.9

›Sudden dyspnea with unilateral decreased sounds

›Massive pleural effusion

›ICD-10 J90

›Dullness and mediastinal shift in large effusions

Infectious pulmonary differentials

›Alternate infections

›Viral lower respiratory infection

›Influenza

›COVID-19

›RSV

›Aspiration pneumonitis

›Chemical injury after witnessed aspiration

›Lung abscess

›ICD-10 J85.1

›Putrid sputum and cavitation

›Tuberculosis

›ICD-10 A15.0

›Subacute symptoms with weight loss

›Opportunistic pneumonia

›Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

›Fungal pneumonias

Noninfectious pulmonary and systemic

›Noninfectious causes

›Malignancy with post-obstructive changes

›Persistent focal infiltrate

›Interstitial lung disease flare

›Diffuse crackles with chronic history

›Pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes

›Hemoptysis with anemia and diffuse opacities

›Vasculitis

›Systemic symptoms and renal findings

05Laboratory Tests/lt39

Core labs and sepsis evaluation

›Baseline laboratory panel

›Complete blood count for leukocytosis and anemia

›Leukopenia as severe infection marker

›Thrombocytopenia as sepsis marker

›Electrolytes and renal function for dosing and dehydration

›Sodium for severity marker and comorbidity

›Creatinine for antibiotic dosing

›Liver enzymes and bilirubin for organ dysfunction

›Cholestatic pattern with Legionella consideration

›Glucose for stress hyperglycemia and diabetes management

›mmol/L reporting

›Lactate for hypoperfusion and risk stratification

›Lactate >= 2 mmol/L increased risk

›Lactate >= 4 mmol/L severe sepsis marker

Microbiology

›Pathogen testing strategy

›Blood cultures for severe CAP or ICU-level care

›Two sets before antibiotics when feasible

›Highest yield in severe illness

›Sputum Gram stain and culture for severe CAP

›Prior MRSA or Pseudomonas risk

›Intubated patients and good quality sample

›MRSA nasal PCR to support de-escalation

›High negative predictive value for MRSA pneumonia in many settings

›Urinary antigen testing when indicated

›Legionella antigen for severe CAP or outbreak risk

›Pneumococcal antigen for severe CAP

Inflammatory biomarkers and limitations

›Biomarkers

›Procalcitonin limitations

›Do not use alone to withhold initial antibiotics in suspected CAP

›De-escalation support when clinical improvement and low value

›CRP as adjunct

›Trend support rather than single cutoff decision

Arterial or venous blood gas

›Gas assessment

›Indications

›Severe dyspnea or impending ventilatory failure

›COPD with possible hypercapnia

›Interpretation

›Hypoxemia severity in mmHg

›Hypercapnia with acidosis for NIV or intubation thresholds

06Diagnostic Tests/dt76

Scoring Systems

›Severity tools

›CURB-65

›Confusion

›New disorientation or altered mental status

›Urea > 7 mmol/L

›Equivalent to BUN > 20 mg/dL

›Respiratory rate >= 30 per minute

›High risk marker

›Blood pressure

›SBP < 90 mmHg

›DBP <= 60 mmHg

›Age >= 65 years

›Higher admission likelihood

›Score interpretation

›0-1 outpatient consideration with reliability

›2 inpatient consideration

›>= 3 severe CAP consideration

›PSI

›Broad risk stratification with comorbidities and labs

›Lower risk classes support outpatient if reliable

›Higher risk classes support admission

›ATS and IDSA severe CAP criteria

›Major criteria

›Septic shock with vasopressors

›Respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation

›Minor criteria

›RR >= 30 per minute

›PaO2 to FiO2 <= 250

›Multilobar infiltrates

›Confusion or disorientation

›Uremia urea >= 7.1 mmol/L

›Leukopenia WBC < 4 x 10^9/L

›Thrombocytopenia platelets < 100 x 10^9/L

›Hypothermia < 36 C

›Hypotension requiring aggressive fluids

›Severe CAP suggestion

›One major criterion

›Three or more minor criteria

MRI

›Limited role imaging

›Indications

›Problem solving for mediastinal or chest wall complications when CT contraindicated

›Alternative diagnosis evaluation when radiation avoidance required and stable

›Limitations

›Motion artifact and lower availability in acute care

›Not first-line for CAP confirmation

›Contrast considerations

›Gadolinium risk context in severe renal failure

›Computed tomography applications

›Indications

›Unclear diagnosis with persistent symptoms and equivocal radiograph

›Suspected complications

›Abscess or necrotizing pneumonia

›Empyema

›Obstruction or malignancy

›Alternative diagnosis evaluation

›Pulmonary embolism with CTA chest when indicated

›Interpretation pearls

›Tree-in-bud suggests bronchiolitis or aspiration

›Cavitation suggests abscess or certain pathogens

›Pleural split sign suggests empyema

›Contrast considerations

›Creatinine-based risk context

›Hydration strategies individualized

Ultrasound

›Bedside ultrasound

›Lung ultrasound findings

›Subpleural consolidation with dynamic air bronchograms

›Focal B-lines with pleural line abnormality

›Pleural effusion quantification

›Procedural guidance

›Thoracentesis guidance for moderate or large effusion

›Avoidance of pneumothorax with real-time visualization

›Cardiac ultrasound adjunct

›Alternative diagnosis

›Reduced LV function suggesting cardiogenic edema

›RV strain suggesting PE

›Volume status assessment supporting resuscitation decisions

07Disposition/dispo41

Site of care decisions

›Admission criteria

›Clinical instability

›Persistent hypoxemia requiring supplemental oxygen

›Hemodynamic instability

›Altered mental status

›Inability to maintain oral intake

›High-risk comorbidities

›Immunocompromise

›Advanced COPD or chronic respiratory failure

›Advanced heart failure

›Social factors

›Unreliable follow-up

›Unsafe home environment

›Limited access to medications

›ICU criteria

›Respiratory failure

›Need for invasive ventilation

›Persistent high work of breathing on HFNC or NIV

›Shock

›Vasopressor requirement after fluids

›Severe CAP criteria met

›ATS and IDSA major criterion present

›ATS and IDSA three or more minor criteria

Discharge readiness

›Outpatient suitability

›Stable vital signs

›SpO2 >= 92% on room air or baseline requirement

›No hypotension

›Oral intake adequate

›Tolerating oral antibiotics

›No high-risk complications suspected

›No large effusion

›No sepsis physiology

›Follow-up reliability

›Primary care within 24-72 hours if moderate symptoms

›Clear return precautions understanding

Follow-up and reassessment plans

›Safety net planning

›Recheck timing for persistent symptoms

›If no improvement by 48-72 hours, reassessment for treatment failure

›Repeat imaging considerations

›Older age or smoking history with persistent infiltrate concern

›Persistent symptoms beyond expected recovery window

08Treatment/t149

Empiric antibiotics

›Outpatient regimens

›No comorbidities and no MRSA or Pseudomonas risk

›Amoxicillin oral

›1 g three times daily

›Typical duration 5 days with clinical stability criteria

›Doxycycline oral

›100 mg twice daily

›Avoid in pregnancy

›Azithromycin oral

›Use only if local pneumococcal macrolide resistance low

›500 mg day 1

›250 mg daily days 2-5

›Comorbidities

›Amoxicillin clavulanate oral

›875 mg 125 mg twice daily

›Alternative 2 g 125 mg twice daily extended release if available

›Plus azithromycin oral

›500 mg day 1

›250 mg daily days 2-5

›Plus doxycycline oral alternative to macrolide

›100 mg twice daily

›Cefuroxime oral alternative beta-lactam

›500 mg twice daily

›Plus azithromycin oral

›500 mg day 1

›250 mg daily days 2-5

›Levofloxacin oral monotherapy

›750 mg daily

›QT prolongation and tendinopathy risk context

›Moxifloxacin oral monotherapy

›400 mg daily

›Avoid with significant QT risk

›Inpatient non-ICU regimens

›Beta-lactam plus macrolide

›Ceftriaxone IV

›1-2 g daily

›Plus azithromycin IV or oral

›500 mg daily

›Ampicillin sulbactam IV

›1.5-3 g every 6 hours

›Plus azithromycin IV or oral

›500 mg daily

›Beta-lactam plus doxycycline alternative

›Ceftriaxone IV

›1-2 g daily

›Plus doxycycline IV or oral

›100 mg twice daily

›Respiratory fluoroquinolone monotherapy

›Levofloxacin IV or oral

›750 mg daily

›Moxifloxacin IV or oral

›400 mg daily

›ICU regimens

›Beta-lactam plus macrolide

›Ceftriaxone IV

›2 g daily

›Plus azithromycin IV

›500 mg daily

›Cefotaxime IV alternative

›2 g every 8 hours

›Plus azithromycin IV

›500 mg daily

›Beta-lactam plus fluoroquinolone alternative

›Ceftriaxone IV

›2 g daily

›Plus levofloxacin IV

›750 mg daily

›MRSA coverage when indicated

›Vancomycin IV

›15-20 mg/kg per dose

›Typical interval every 8-12 hours based on renal function

›AUC-guided monitoring per local protocol

›Linezolid IV or oral

›600 mg twice daily

›Thrombocytopenia risk with prolonged therapy

›Pseudomonas coverage when indicated

›Cefepime IV

›2 g every 8 hours

›Piperacillin tazobactam IV

›4.5 g every 6 hours

›Meropenem IV

›1 g every 8 hours

›Plus azithromycin IV

›500 mg daily

›Plus levofloxacin IV alternative

›750 mg daily

Timing, duration, and de-escalation

›Antimicrobial stewardship

›Early administration

›Severe CAP or shock within 1 hour

›Nonsevere CAP without shock within 3 hours

›De-escalation strategy

›Narrow to identified pathogen and susceptibilities

›Stop MRSA or Pseudomonas agents if risk low and tests negative

›Negative MRSA nasal PCR supports stopping anti-MRSA in many settings

›Duration guidance

›Minimum 5 days for most uncomplicated CAP

›Clinical stability criteria for stop

›Afebrile 48-72 hours

›HR <= 100 per minute

›RR <= 24 per minute

›SBP >= 90 mmHg

›SpO2 >= 90% or PaO2 >= 60 mmHg on room air or baseline

›Normal mental status baseline

›Oral intake adequate

›Extended duration triggers

›MRSA pneumonia

›Pseudomonas pneumonia

›Lung abscess or necrotizing pneumonia

›Empyema

Supportive care

›Respiratory support

›Oxygen therapy

›Nasal cannula escalation to face mask based on SpO2 targets

›HFNC for high oxygen requirement with tachypnea

›NIV for COPD with hypercapnia and acidosis when appropriate

›Bronchodilators for reactive component

›Salbutamol inhaled

›4-8 puffs MDI with spacer every 20 minutes for 1 hour as needed

›Nebulized alternative per local protocol

›Fluids and hemodynamics

›Crystalloid resuscitation for hypoperfusion

›Balanced crystalloids preferred by many protocols

›Reassess after each bolus

›Vasopressors for persistent hypotension

›Norepinephrine infusion

›Start 0.05-0.1 micrograms/kg/min

›Titrate every 2-5 minutes to MAP >= 65 mmHg

›Typical ceiling individualized by response and adverse effects

›Vasopressin adjunct

›0.03 units/min fixed dose for refractory shock

›Fever and pain control

›Acetaminophen oral or IV

›650-1000 mg every 6 hours as needed

›Maximum 3000 mg per day typical conservative limit

›NSAID use individualized

›Renal and GI risk context

Adjunctive therapies

›Corticosteroids

›Not routine for nonsevere CAP

›Consider for refractory septic shock

›Hydrocortisone IV

›50 mg every 6 hours

›COPD exacerbation overlap

›Prednisone oral

›40 mg daily for 5 days

›Pleural space management

›Diagnostic thoracentesis for moderate or large effusion

›pH and glucose and LDH pleural analysis per protocol

›Empyema management

›Early drainage plus antibiotics

›Surgical consultation for loculated disease

09Special Populations/sp45

Pregnancy

›Pregnancy considerations

›Physiologic changes

›Lower PaCO2 baseline

›Reduced functional residual capacity

›Antibiotic safety

›Beta-lactams generally preferred

›Azithromycin generally acceptable

›Avoid doxycycline

›Fluoroquinolones generally avoided unless no alternatives

›Imaging considerations

›Chest radiograph with abdominal shielding when possible

›CT when benefits outweigh risks

›Maternal oxygenation priority

›Maintain SpO2 >= 95% when possible to support fetal oxygenation

Geriatric

›Older adult considerations

›Atypical presentation

›Delirium

›Falls

›Minimal fever

›Higher complication risk

›Dehydration and AKI

›Delirium with hypoxemia

›Medication risks

›QT prolongation vulnerability

›C difficile risk with broad antibiotics

›Disposition caution

›Lower threshold for admission with frailty or limited supports

Pediatrics

›Pediatric considerations

›Etiology differences

›Viral predominance in many age groups

›Pneumococcal disease in unvaccinated or high-risk

›Admission triggers

›Hypoxemia

›Dehydration

›Apnea or grunting in infants

›Caregiver inability to manage at home

›Antibiotic selection

›Amoxicillin weight-based for suspected typical bacterial CAP

›80-90 mg/kg/day divided twice daily

›Maximum per local pediatric dosing limits

›Macrolide for suspected atypical pathogens in older children

›Azithromycin weight-based per protocol

›Imaging minimization

›Chest radiograph for moderate to severe or uncertain diagnosis

›Avoid CT unless complications suspected

10Background/b35

Epidemiology

›Disease burden

›CAP common cause of hospitalization and mortality in adults

›Higher rates in older adults and comorbid disease

›Common pathogens

›Streptococcus pneumoniae

›Respiratory viruses

›Atypical pathogens

›Mycoplasma pneumoniae

›Chlamydophila pneumoniae

›Legionella species

›Risk groups for resistant pathogens

›Recent healthcare exposure

›Prior MRSA or Pseudomonas colonization

Pathophysiology

›Mechanisms

›Microaspiration and impaired host defenses

›Smoking and COPD as defense impairment

›Alveolar inflammation and consolidation

›VQ mismatch driving hypoxemia

›Systemic inflammatory response

›Sepsis and shock pathways

›Complications

›Parapneumonic effusion and empyema

›Necrotizing pneumonia

›Lung abscess

Therapeutic Considerations

›Treatment rationale

›Early appropriate antibiotics improve outcomes in severe CAP

›Timing most critical in shock

›Beta-lactam plus macrolide in severe CAP

›Coverage of typical and atypical pathogens

›Potential immunomodulatory benefit of macrolides

›De-escalation reduces harm

›Lower C difficile risk

›Lower resistance pressure

›Short-course therapy efficacy

›5-day minimum in uncomplicated cases with stability

11Patient Discharge Instructions/pdi23

copy discharge instructions

›Home care plan

›Antibiotics exactly as prescribed

›Do not stop early unless directed

›Fluids and rest

›Aim for light activity as tolerated

›Fever control

›Acetaminophen as needed within safe daily maximum

›Smoking and vaping avoidance

›Avoid until fully recovered

›Expected recovery

›Fever improvement often within 48-72 hours after antibiotics

›Cough and fatigue can persist for weeks

›Return to ED now

›Trouble breathing

›Blue lips or severe chest pain

›Fainting or confusion

›Persistent vomiting or inability to keep fluids down

›Worsening fever after 48-72 hours on antibiotics

›Oxygen saturation below target if home pulse oximeter available

›Follow-up

›Primary care follow-up in 24-72 hours if symptoms moderate

›Earlier follow-up for older adults or significant comorbidities

›Repeat chest imaging if symptoms not improving or risk factors for malignancy

12References/r18

Clinical guidelines and evidence sources

›Guideline sources

›ATS and IDSA guideline for adult CAP

›Severity criteria and empiric regimen recommendations

›Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines

›Shock resuscitation targets and vasopressor strategy

›National guidance for antimicrobial stewardship

›Duration and de-escalation principles

›Local antibiogram integration

›Macrolide resistance thresholds for outpatient monotherapy

Coding and terminology

›Coding references

›ICD-10 CAP unspecified organism

›J18.9

›ICD-10 pneumococcal pneumonia

›J13

›ICD-10 pneumonia due to influenza virus

›J10.0

›SNOMED CT concept alignment

›Community acquired pneumonia concept mapping per local terminology service

Learn More: Community-acquired pneumonia→

Comprehensive Clinical Review

Structured, evidence-informed, long-form analysis for deeper understanding.

Evidence & Review

Reviewed by SymptomDx Medical Team · Last reviewed June 16, 2026

SymptomDx is an educational tool for medical professionals. It does not replace clinical judgment. Verify all clinical data and drug dosages with authoritative sources.