Immediate stabilization and high-risk triggers
›Time-critical priorities
›Airway compromise
›If airway risk, airway support and escalation
›If hypoventilation, bag-valve-mask ventilation
›Circulation instability
›If SBP <90 mm Hg or shock index >1, resuscitation bay
›If ongoing chest pain, acute coronary syndrome pathway
›If severe dyspnea or hypoxia, pulmonary embolism pathway
›If active GI bleeding, hemorrhage pathway
›Neurologic emergency
›If persistent focal deficit, stroke pathway
›If prolonged altered mental status, broaden differential
›Dangerous arrhythmia
›If VT, VF, or unstable SVT, ACLS algorithm
›If bradycardia with instability, ACLS bradycardia algorithm
›Immediate bedside checks
›Glucose
›If <3.0 mmol/l, dextrose therapy
›If >20 mmol/l with dehydration, hyperglycemic emergency pathway
›12-lead ECG within 10 minutes
›New ischemia
›High-grade AV block
›Pre-excitation
›QTc prolongation
›Brugada pattern
›Ventricular paced rhythm with symptoms
›Continuous cardiac monitoring
›Ectopy burden
›Pauses
›Rate variability
›Pulse oximetry
›If SpO2 <92% on room air, hypoxemia evaluation
›Focused bedside ultrasound when unstable
›Pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology
›Right ventricular dilation or strain pattern
›Poor LV contractility
›IVC size and collapsibility trend
Core definitions and initial framing
›Clinical framing
›Transient loss of consciousness with rapid onset, short duration, complete spontaneous recovery
›Syncope
›Presyncope without complete LOC
›Mimics
›ICD-10
›R55 syncope and collapse
›SNOMED CT concepts
›Syncope
›Vasovagal syncope
›Orthostatic hypotension
›Cardiac arrhythmia
›Initial classification buckets
›Reflex syncope
›Vasovagal
›Situational
›Carotid sinus syndrome
›Orthostatic hypotension
›Volume depletion
›Autonomic failure
›Medication-related
›Cardiac syncope
›Arrhythmic
›Structural or obstructive
›Non-syncope transient LOC
›Seizure
›Hypoglycemia
›Intoxication
›Psychogenic pseudosyncope