Maintenance calculation per institutional standard
Epidemiology
Frequency contexts
Common ED presentation drivers
Viral gastroenteritis
Heat related illness
Diuretic associated volume depletion
High burden populations
Infants and young children
Older adults
Patients with limited access to fluids
Complication patterns
AKI from prerenal hypoperfusion
Reversible with timely rehydration
Falls and syncope
Orthostatic hypotension link
Pathophysiology
Intravascular depletion cascade
Reduced preload
Decreased stroke volume
Compensatory tachycardia
Neurohormonal response
RAAS activation
ADH release and water retention
Renal consequences
Prerenal azotemia
Acute tubular injury if prolonged
Dehydration sodium patterns
Hypernatremic dehydration
Water loss exceeding sodium loss
Hyponatremic dehydration
Sodium loss exceeding water loss
Isonatremic dehydration
Proportional sodium and water loss
Therapeutic Considerations
Fluid therapy principles
Restore perfusion first
Isotonic crystalloids preferred
Replace deficits and ongoing losses
Transition to oral early
Avoid overly rapid correction
Sodium disorder correction limits
Balanced crystalloids vs saline tradeoffs
Lower chloride load with balanced fluids
Saline familiarity and availability
Oral rehydration rationale
Sodium glucose cotransport mechanism
Effective absorption despite diarrhea
Reduced need for IV therapy
Lower complication risk
copy discharge instructions
Home care plan
Oral rehydration solution use
Small frequent sips
Increase as tolerated
Diet progression
Bland foods as tolerated
Avoid alcohol until well hydrated
Medication guidance
Avoid NSAIDs until normal hydration and kidney function
Follow prescriber instructions on diuretics and BP meds
Return to ED now
Fainting or near fainting
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Confusion or severe weakness
No urination for 8 to 12 hours
Persistent vomiting preventing fluids
Bloody stool or black tarry stool
Fever with worsening symptoms
Severe abdominal pain
Follow up
Primary care within 24 to 72 hours if symptoms not fully resolved
Repeat labs plan if AKI or electrolyte abnormality during visit
Clinical guidelines and consensus
Core guidance sources
NICE CG174 Intravenous fluid therapy in adults in hospital
Isotonic crystalloid for resuscitation
Ongoing reassessment to avoid overload
Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines
Initial 30 mL/kg crystalloid for sepsis induced hypoperfusion
Early vasopressor for persistent hypotension
AAP guidance on oral rehydration for pediatric gastroenteritis
Oral rehydration solution as first line for mild to moderate dehydration
Ondansetron support for vomiting to facilitate oral rehydration
Coding and terminology
Medical coding references
ICD-10 dehydration E86.0
Dehydration clinical diagnosis mapping
ICD-10 hypovolemia E86.1
Volume depletion mapping
ICD-10 volume depletion unspecified E86.9
Nonspecific volume depletion mapping
SNOMED CT dehydration concept
Standardized terminology alignment
SNOMED CT hypovolemia concept
Standardized terminology alignment
SymptomDx is an educational tool for medical professionals. It does not replace clinical judgment. Verify all clinical data and drug dosages with authoritative sources.